Problem Solving Approach And Efficiency Issues - 1107 Words

T21 Stage 2 Preparation and Demo 2 wks June 2016 T22 Stage 2 Review 3 wks June 2016 Table 1.5.1: Work Breakdown Structure 1.6 Problem solving approach and efficiency issues For the problem solving approach we first consider some base points like existing approaches, algorithms etc . The overall ranking is made based on Frequent comments of Consumers about overall opinion on that product. The ranking is calculated using term frequency and other formulas for positive and negative comments. Tokenization: Tokenization is the process of dividing the document into smaller pieces of word that is called token. The splitting up into tokens can be done with decision trees, which contains information to correctly solve the questions you might encounter. Some of these issues you would have to consider are: The choice for the delimiter will for most cases be a whitespace (â€Å"We’re playing football† - [â€Å"We’re†, â€Å"playing†, â€Å"football.†]), but what should you do when you come across words with a white space in them (â€Å"We’re playing football.†-[â€Å"We’re†, â€Å"playing†, †The†, â€Å"football†]). What should you do with punctuation marks? Although many tokenizers are geared towards throwing punctuation away, for Sentiment analysis a lot of valuable information could be deduced from them. !puts extra emphasis on the negative/positive sentiment of the sentence, while? can mean unce rtainty (no sentiment). â€Å", ‘ , [], () can mean that the words belong together and should be treated as a separateShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Joint Collaboration Between Unions And Management1414 Words   |  6 Pagescapacity for problem solving, by demonstrating the conduct of collective bargaining, non-bargaining interactions, and contract administration with the city s three bargaining units. This paper explores the effectiveness of joint collaboration between unions and management. Our focus is on the role of collaboration, process, performance, and efficiency as viewed by various city managers. By asking how do different collective bargaining and contract administration processes affect problem solving, conflictRead MoreEssay Problem Solving and Decision Making in Management893 Words   |  4 PagesProblem solving and decision-making are fundamental in all managerial activities. Although these defining characteristics of management can be used interchangeably, current literature makes a comprehensible delineation between the two. Problem solving can be defined as a mental process and is part of a larger process that begins with identifying the problem and ends by assessing the efficiency of the solution. Decision-making is also considered a mental process and identifies several alternativeRead MoreCase Summary : Centriod Corporation1242 Words   |  5 Pagesdepart ment prior to this. Vice president covers holistic information about manufacturing division, then defines trainee roles. The points which vice president covered regarding organisation and roles of trainee include: reporting, behavioural styles, issues, termination procedure and suggestion program. Reporting As trainee were very new to manufacturing division they were asked to work under a general foreman who is in charge of one of major areas of the shop this way the queries of trainees wereRead MoreThe Wing Safety Office At Xyz Afb913 Words   |  4 PagesFull Range Leadership Model Essay Introduction An organization’s efficiency and effectiveness can be solely traced to its leader. When a team within in an organization is found to be at fault, it is a leader’s duty to turn it around. In this particular case, the Wing Safety Office at XYZ AFB needs to rebuild its team into a cohesive unit in order to successfully attack the safety issues distressing the base. Among other noted events, their highlighted failures lie within the high rate of off baseRead MoreMethods Of Optimization Clustering904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe hierarchical and partitional clustering have advantages and drawbacks. Especially, the efficiency and accuracy are the primary challenges that clustering analysis has to face. For example, the most efficient algorithm of hierarchical clustering is complete-linkage clustering in some special cases, the complexity of which is Ο (n2). Therefore, the hierarchical clustering usually leads to too slow efficiency for large data sets. Meanwhile, it is anoth er con that partitional clustering algorithm mustRead MoreDeclining Sales Problem Analysis Proposal Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesSUBJECT: Declining Sales Problem Analysis Proposal Analysis of the three most recent months’ sales revenues indicate significant declines in the Southwest Georgia department’s net profits. Relative to these findings it is essential that key causative factors are promptly identified. To that end, I propose this department implements processes based in problem solving and structured decision making principles to identify potential issues impacting department sales programs. Problem Identification andRead MoreHow Can ALO Have Been Implemented To Solve The Problem?1293 Words   |  6 Pagesresults obtained show that ALO have been successfully implemented to solve different ELD problems; moreover, ALO is able to provide very spirited results in terms of minimizing total fuel cost and lower transmission loss. Also, convergence of ALO is very fast as compared to lambda iteration method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), APSO, artificial bee colony (ABC), and Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO) for small-scale power systems. Also, it has been observed that theRead Morepolicing practices and operations1473 Words   |  6 Pagespolice organizations are departmentalized to enhance efficiency and improve communication. Relationships within these organizational structures exist. Partnerships are developed between the community and policing agencies to increase crime reduction and improve order maintenance. The organizational structure of policing agencies will be reviewed along with communication patterns both within and outside of the agency. Current trends and issues facing policing agencies and communities will be examinedRead MoreThe Foundation Of Goldstein s Problem Oriented Policing1711 Words   |  7 PagesBook Evaluation The foundation of Goldstein’s problem oriented policing stems from his belief that police agencies in the 1980’s had an opportunity and obligation to do more to impact crime and disorder within their communities than what was being done. The professionalization of law enforcement gained prominence from the 1940’s through the 1970’s. It came out of a necessity to improve the capabilities of police. It was believed that the improvement of organizations through better quality personnelRead MoreToyota Learning Principles and the V4L Framework1218 Words   |  5 PagesToyota is well known for its approach to problem solving and continuous improvement. Articles by practitioners, researchers, and participants have made the tools and techniques of continuous improvement familiar to every business executive. For example, phrases such as andon, heijunka, and kanban have become part of the day-to-day vocabulary of managers. In an insightful commentary on these t ools and techniques, Jeffrey Liker writes that Toyota’s success goes beyond these tools and techniques to

Medicinal Marijuana Should Not Be Banned - 1572 Words

â€Å"Medicinal marijuana does more harm to our society than it does good.† This is a common misconception from those who oppose medicinal marijuana, and are ill informed of the practical uses. In this day and age there are many advances in medicine, and ways to treat and even cure some diseases or disorders. But due to the bad stigma that surrounds marijuana, there are people who refuse to acknowledge possibilities of medicinal properties. In this paper I will give examples of a few major breakthroughs that medicinal marijuana has achieved in the previous years that prove marijuana can be suitable to use as a medicine. Due to the amount of negativity in the news towards marijuana, many people have not received proper information about the possibilities marijuana offers for medicinal use. A lot of the news that people read or watch tend to be tainted with biased opinions, and will rarely contain the full truth. â€Å"And over the past decade I, too, have grown tired of hearin g scientists detail drug-related negative effects, always warning of the possible neurological and psychiatric dangers users face, while virtually ignoring recreational drugs’ potential medicinal or beneficial effects† (Hart, 2014). Dr. Carl L. Hart explains that people are always quick to give negative connotations about marijuana in general, without even bothering to recognize any positive effects it may have. If the news continues to show only one side of an argument, how are people supposed to see the wholeShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesIm for legalizing marijuana. Why pick on those drugs? Valium is legal. You just go to a doctor and get it and overdose on it - whats the difference? Prozac, all that stuff, so why not marijuana? Who cares? Its something that grows out of the ground - why not? Go smoke a head of cabbage. I dont care what you smoke (Stern). This particular quote is the reality of how many Americans actually feel about the supposed war on drugs. Mary jane, airplane, weed, reefer and dank are all commonly usedRead MoreThe Benefits of the Medicinal Cannabis Plant746 Words   |  3 Pageslegalization of medicinal cannabis they only see the benefits derived from the ‘buds’ rather than the whole plant. Although the plant that has been around since ancient times for its many uses is finally being looked at differently. However, we are going to go deeper into what this simple plant could do for us and how it could save our world for the better. Naturally your body already makes a chemical that is like marijuana- it effects pain, inflammation and many other processes. â€Å"The use of medicinal marijuanaRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1543 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana How many people annually do you think die from smoking marijuana? Many people do not believe that the number is zero. Lots of people think that marijuana is harmful and think that it causes people to commit crimes and make bad decisions. The legalization of marijuana would help the government make money by taxing this drug, help sick people with medical use, and lower crime rates. Harry Anslinger, who is the Commissioner of Narcotics in the Bureau of Narcotics, saw thatRead MoreThe Addiction to Marijuana1533 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, marijuana is being categorized as a Class A Drug, but in reality marijuana has been known to help cure and fight many sicknesses and diseases. Marijuana is being criticized by people that never studied the drug or even know about the medicinal benefits from the drug. Over the years, marijuana has been called a gateway drug to harder narcotics, but this isn’t the case. Marijuana has many medicinal benefits that the media and government avoid releasing to the society but itsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1581 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"war on drugs† since the late 1900’s, the legalization of marijuana has been a popular topic within the past couple of years. This topic is very controversial due to the fact that many people are unable to see past the bad rap that cannabis has accumulat ed over past years. Among the other aspects that have already given marijuana a bad reputation, some people are trying to find more and more reasons to postpone the legalization of marijuana. Since the legalization of cannabis in Colorado, WashingtonRead MoreThe Benefits of Marijuana Legalization Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana has been a part of American culture for over one hundred years. It has been vilified, heralded as a miracle drug by supporters, branded a gateway drug by opponents and proposed as paper, rope and a myriad of other possibilities. Yet for all the support both for and against it marijuana still remains illegal, widely used, fiercely prosecuted and barely studied. Legalized marijuana in the United States can be controlled and profitable industry by using low taxes, regulation and mirroringRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Legal With Some Regulations On It Essay examples1495 Words   |  6 PagesAfter 30 years of marijuana use being subject to such harsh pen alties and unreasonable consequences, the world has not yet to agree on the truth about marijuana. I feel that it is a very controversial issue in this day and age with very strong and supportive arguments on both sides of this issue. The issue has caused a lot of political feuds, and it also has increased conflicts between many state governments and the federal governments. I feel marijuana is here to stay, and it is about time the governmentRead MoreDrug Addiction Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesdrunk out of his mind and we think, well it is just alcohol, it isnt too bad, at least he isnt taking drugs. At the same time, we can see another guy taking some cocaine and we instantly think this person is messed up, he is a drug addict, and we should keep some distance, right? Isnt the person that is drunk just as same as the guy that is taking cocaine? Not many people will agree with this but according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, A drug is a chemical substance that can cha nge howRead MoreDrugs and Crime Midterm Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagestime or another. Pick two drugs that have been utilized in this capacity and explain the medical rationale behind their use. Conclude your answer with a description of why each drug was later banned from medical usage. - Besides being an extremely addictive and dangerous narcotic, cocaine has some medicinal use. Cocaine has been used as a local anesthetic for eye and nasal surgery. Besides being an anesthetic, it also is a potent vasoconstrictor (constricts the blood vessels around the area whereRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1407 Words   |  6 Pagesalso known as Marijuana has become a widely known and controversial topic in the United Sates. It is currently legal for recreational use in Washington, Oregon, and Colorado. Medicinal Marijuana has also been legalized in 11 other states. Many people are against the idea of legalizing marijuana for medical use in all states for reasons such as impaired driving, addiction, and a gate way to other drugs. Others say the pros outweigh the cons in this situation . I believe that marijuana is an effective

Short Story - 915 Words

It was Gwaine, leaning against a lamppost, his washed-out pallor obvious beneath the weak lamp light. Gone was the usual mirth from his eyes, his cheeks had hollowed, and it appeared as if he hadn’t bothered combing his hair in a week. â€Å"Hey.† Gwen could not think of anything else to say, and she began to panic, wondering if Gwaine had relapsed. He looked that awful. â€Å"We need to talk.† â€Å"All right.† Gwen wanted to take his hand, but she was afraid he might not be receptive. â€Å"Are you okay? Have you, um†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He narrowed his eyes in confusion, then he sighed as understanding took hold. â€Å"Have I relapsed? No, Gwen, I haven’t. I’m just nursing a broken heart. I attended extra NA meetings this week, and I worked more hours to keep myself†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I mean, it’s not like you were sleeping with him.† His face fell. â€Å"Were you?† â€Å"No, I wasn’t. Of course not.† He visibly relaxed. â€Å"I believe you. When are you going to see him again?† â€Å"I don’t know. There are no firm plans, but his sister is getting married on New Year’s Day, and she invited me to the wedding. I want to go, and he’ll be there.† â€Å"And I can’t go with you. Gotcha.† Gwen had no response. She couldn’t very well turn up with Gwaine on her arm after he and Arthur had exchanged punches. He sat back and frowned. â€Å"Never mind. But tell me this: Do I need to worry about you and Arthur.† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Okay. I’d like it if from now on you let me know when you’re seeing him. I’m not being stalkerish, and I don’t want to micromanage your life, but if you’re seeing the guy socially, I deserve to know. I’m trying to be understanding, but it’s tough. Does that make sense?† â€Å"It makes complete sense, and I’m sorry I hid things from you. It was wrong in so many ways. I should have been upfront about being in touch with Arthur, but I was afraid to lose you.† â€Å"Could you cut ties with him? Are you willing to do that?† She looked away. â€Å"I can’t I’m sorry.† â€Å"So this is something I have to deal with if I want to be with you?† Tearful, Gwen nodded. â€Å"Okay, Gwen. As long as you’re willing to tell me when you two get together, I’ll accept it, and I expect honesty andShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Group Reflection - 1526 Words

Whenever individuals are required to work together in a group to complete a task it can be either a great experience or a dreadful one. This almost always depends on the extent of effectively communicating amongst the group. In our group we managed to always be respectful while still getting our thoughts and opinions across to one another. Initially when our groups were first picked for us we were able to choose 2 to 3 people that we would prefer to work with; who also shared the same ideas when it came to choosing the topic we would research. This gave each group the ability to work together with other like-minded students in order to research topics that we were all interested in. After our groups were picked for us we got to know one†¦show more content†¦Especially when it came to developing a consensus of exactly what we were going to focus on. Throughout this stage of storming I decided that we should break up into subgroups and then focus on what each subgroup topic sh ould be. Afterward we would all teach on another about what we learned as it was extremely important for us to be on the same page for our presentations. This inevitably turned out to be a better method because our group was bigger than what we anticipated with six people. Thankfully we had an even number of group members. Therefore we were able to have two people in each subgroup, to tackle their topics and conduct individual research then later bring it back to the group for explaining. I believe breaking up into subgroups is somewhat of a double-edge sword, first because it’s easy for everyone to get caught up in only what they are supposed to be researching. When in fact everyone needed to know everything about what we were going to present. Therefore we decided after we broke into subgroups that we would make sure each person in the group switched with another person in another subgroup to teach one another about the topics that we individually learned. Because groups tend to produce a better solution than individuals I think it was very beneficial that we had so many people in a group because we were able to think more critically and collectively, while also being there to help correct one another’s misinformation. Working in suchShow MoreRelatedGroup Reflection : Group Process767 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Reflection Group My concept of what a group consist of is a story that needs to be told and heard from many people with similar issues or problems. The group is a tool to help each member to gain some insight on how they can change or make a difference in their lives for the future. I feel that a group is a place where new relationships can develop and to find self again. Group Process The group process is facilitated by a counselor by the process has to be done by the members. It can be easyRead MoreReflection On Group Processes And Dynamics Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesA Reflection on Group Processes and Dynamics Working within a group or team is unavoidable for most people. We are involved in sports teams, assignment groups, work teams, social groups and a variety of other groups and teams. Each of these groups share one thing in common, that is each requires us to communicate in some way in order to reach a shared goal or target. Therefore, it is imperative to know and understand how to work and communicate effectively with others to maximise outcomes and productivityRead MoreReflection On Group Therapy Reaction1509 Words   |  7 PagesGroup Therapy Reaction Thus far in the program I have had the opportunity to experience the process of group therapy. Luckily, I have had the opportunity to run group sessions at my practicum site, so I have gained substantial information about the group process. As I have learned in this program, group therapy is a powerful form of therapy that allows group members to complete their therapeutic goals in a group setting. As a therapist, I believe it is essential to experience what group processRead MorePersonal Reflection On Group Work906 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Reflection â€Å"Group work is a form of voluntary association of members benefiting from cooperative learning that enhances the total output of the activity than when done individually†. Working in a group can be very difficult at times. Different people with different views may not always agree which one another. Throughout the various task I played the communicator. I made sure everyone was on track on what we wanted to do. I also made sure people was okay and happy in the role they was playingRead MoreGroup Counseling Reflection Paper4779 Words   |  20 Pagesin Counseling Reflection CPY 540 Paladino: Advanced Theory and Practice of Group Counseling As I reflect upon my experience as a group leader in this class, I learned that therapeutic factors can be group driven or facilitated by the group leader. Cohesion stood as a vital aspect of an effective group, and I realized that as a group leader I needed not only to facilitate the group but to remain as a vital part of the group to assure cohesion. By subsisting as an effective group leader, I createdRead MoreReflection About Group Presentations1189 Words   |  5 PagesWe all certainly have to do group presentations during our student life. This method of study is vital, as â€Å"it is a successful alternative or addition to the traditional term paper. It can balance the student s educational experiences by providing training in oral communication, interpersonal skills, and analytical thinking.† (King 1990, p.77). Therefore, it is necessary for us to reflect on what we have done and learnt through group presentations. In this essay, I would have a look back at whatRead MoreReflection Of A Social Group1457 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Group Analysis The social group I chosen to observe is my church group, more specifically my children’s Sabbath School class. There are approximately 15 to 20 in the class including the children and parents. The ethnicities in the class are Hispanic, Caucasian, Native Africans, and Asians. In this group, the Caucasians are the minority while the Africans makeup the majority of the class. There is a lot I have learned from observing this group of people. Some characteristics of the classRead MoreGroup Reflection : Van Der Linden1524 Words   |  7 Pages Group Reflection Renae Van Der Linden Roberts Wesleyan College â€Æ' Group Reflection When leading a group, it is important to understand what the overall goal should be, as well as understanding what the group expectations are. Knowing what the group goals and expectations are provides a basic outline of what the group dynamic should be. Additionally, the goals and group expectations should be discussed with the group members, providing them with the opportunity to share their input and possiblyRead MoreReflection Of Group Counseling Process And Mental Health Group Activities829 Words   |  4 PagesA Reflection of Group Counseling Process and Mental Health Group Activities One might say the best teachers are the ones who go over and beyond the call of duty to assist their children. This idea could especially be proven true given the factors that are affecting the social and academic capabilities of the students we teach on a daily basis. One emerging, yet commonly overlooked factor is mental health. Mental health is one of those issues seen to be taboo in schools but is becoming a widespreadRead MoreReflections on Syndicate Group Work2177 Words   |  9 PagesReflections about syndicate group work I always had a different opinion to our group leader, but he always made me give in, even when I was not at all persuaded by his arguments, I can t explain how that happened. This statement made by one of my group members is quite revealing. While she recognizes the dominance of our leader ´, she is perplexed because she fails to understand how she was manipulated. How did he do it? Was it only his dominance or were there perhaps Machiavellic elements

How public and private sectors have impact on each other in tourism industry Free Essays

In the field of psychology, there is a new symptom investigated for tourism called â€Å"euphoria† indicating a kind of emotion, that is, the enthusiasm of the destination residents towards the tourists (Xie: 2001). As a matter of fact, nowadays tourism itself has become a kind of popular â€Å"disease† which spreads throughout the whole world just like the Europe Black Death in the Middle Ages. No one can escape from it, neither the poor nor the rich (Ryan: 1991). We will write a custom essay sample on How public and private sectors have impact on each other in tourism industry? or any similar topic only for you Order Now A cured disease will do good to new disease in the future, nevertheless, the ignorance of it will destroy the entire world. Similarly, tourism, viewed as fastest growing industry, would bring lots of significant economic and social values to the development of every country. Thus, this â€Å"modern disease† should be cautiously treated for sustainability and managed by every country so that maximum benefit can be derived and negative impacts can be minimized towards the â€Å"euphoria† local people, culture and environment from the tourism. It indicates that tourism related organizations including international, national, regional with both inter-governmental and non-governmental interests should pay attention to the development of sustainable tourism which trying to â€Å"coordinate the complex interactions between the tourism industry, visitors, the environment and the host communities.† (Testoni: 2001). Therefore, this essay is designed to firstly discuss the roles all these kinds of organizations played into the sustainable tourism development and their impacts on each other. Moreover, with the roles and impacts of both public- and private-sectors clearly clarified, how these roles and impacts would have power in enhancing the growth of tourism, that is, the well-ordered plan strongly needed for achieving tourism goals has become the key problem of sustainable tourism development. Agreed by Testoni (2001), planning began to be more important in facilitating the development of tourism while minimizing negative impacts and realizing sustainability. Thus, the second aim of this essay tries to set up the argument of the specific content of government intervention into tourism marketing, policy-making and planning. However, these inter-governmental level organizations are criticized as inefficient and bureaucratic in tourism development project. Accordingly, a set of count arguments wou ld be arisen to debate if these responsibilities were better handled by private sector. Roles and Impacts of tourism organizations Today’s tourism has expanded to international level that residents begin to travel to and stay in places outside the host country with various kinds of purposes (as cited in WTO: 1991). Therefore, visitor, the key resource in tourism, is categorized as international visitor and domestic visitor. Those who â€Å"travels to a country other than that in which he/she usual residence and that is outside his/her usual environment, for a period not exceeding one year, and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited† are defined as international visitor by WTO (1991). Comparatively, domestic visitor is explained as â€Å"any person residing within a country, irrespective of nationality, traveling to a place within this country other than his usual residence for a period of not less than 24 hours or one night for a purpose other than the exercise of a remunerated activity in the place visited† by Mill (1990). On the basis of these kind of classifications, tourism related organizations also should be divided into diverse types according to different bases. They are viewed as international, national, regional, inter- and non-governmental organizations. International Organisations As the international and national dichotomy, international organizations concerned for more than one country as their members according to Collier (2003). World Tourism Organisation, sub-classified as an inter-governmental body on the basis of its membership, is the representative role of international organizations based in Madrid with 138 members states including New Zealand and 350 affiliate members such as Airlines and Tourism Associations known as the Business Council (Brackenbury: 2003). The aim of WTO is the promotion and development of tourism in relationship with other aspects such as economic development, environment and peace as Brackenbury (2003) noted. WTO intends to spread the awareness and knowledge of the best practices in sustainable development in tourism. Therefore, various roles are taken by WTO to influence its members as following: 1. Representor-WTO supports tourism event to present the significance of the activities should be taken by tourism organsations and participated as exhibitor. For example, in February 2002 WTO supported the International Adventure Travel and Outdoor Sports Exhibition held in Chicago. (www.world-tourism.org/sustainable/IYE-Main-Menu.htm). 2. Advocator-WTO advocates lots of concepts and task forces to contribute to the development of tourism. For example, for the year 2002, WTO designated this year as the International Year of Ecotourism, and its Commission on Sustainable Development requested international agencies, governments and the private sector to undertake supportive activities. WTO and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) have joined forces in the preparation and co-ordination of some activities to be undertaken at the international level during the Year. The impact of it is that the members of WTO then would take this direction into their tourism activities and set their tourism goals based on this main objective (Yunis: 2003). 3. Policy Guider-WTO sets different policy for diverse purposes to regularly operate the activities in tourism industry. It then will influence the regulations set by the regional level organizations and activities would be followed by these policies. 4. Disseminator-WTO will send tourism related information to its membership. 5. Supporter-WTO services rendered to national tourism administrations, local authorities and the private sector in the development and promotion of tourism. These services and activities range from â€Å"technical assistance in the form of short and long term projects, organization of seminars and conferences, education and training courses as well as strategy issues at national and regional levels.† (www.world-tourism.org). New Zealand, not only as one of the WTO members but the country in the Asia and Pacific Rim which is one of the six areas divided by WTO, certainly will be influenced by the role acted by the both WTO and The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) which is â€Å"a mixture of both governmental and non-governmental bodies that work together to further tourism industry professionalism in the Asia and Pacific region.† (Collier: 2003). That is because when a task or policy is declared by these international organizations, all tourism related activities and policies set by the governments in the range of national level would correspond with these tasks and policies. Obviously, National Tourism Organisations (NTO) and Regional Tourism Organisations (RTO) would process the tasks so as to cater to the goals and policies established by those international tourism organizations. Regional Tourism Organisations For the geographical scope of their interest in tourism, organizations could be subdivided into National, Regional and Local organizations. Regional Tourism Organisations on the national level are those with a general interest in tourism but only within a certain region of the country (Collier: 2003). As Collier (2003) explained that the role the RTO undertook was the mirror of the extent of government intervention in tourism, because RTOs always plays their roles in terms of government departments and government agencies. These roles are performed to be planning which involves â€Å"planning for the development and promotion of the country’s tourism industry† (Collier: 2003), organizing to ensure the development process is in progress, development which involves some investment, financial, information items, promotion for the tourism events and control of ensuring the plans are â€Å"implemented s intended and achieve stated objectives† (Collier: 2003). For instance, the role of New Zealand Regional Tourism Organisations are taken as 1. The New Zealand Tourism Board. It makes plans to set out its aims, activities, ways to achieve these aims, the resources and materials used and tools to measure the effectiveness and efficiency. 2. The Ministry of Tourism. It tries to give some suggestions and strategies to the local government of New Zealand so as to ensure the government would deal with tourism matters properly. 3. Other government departments and agencies such as Ministry for the Environment and New Zealand Customs Service. (Collier: 2003). As the clear relationship and impacts between government activities and the roles of RTO, it seems that how the role acted by RTO is intensively linked with how the local governments produce and implement the plans including marketing, planning process and policy-making for tourism development respecting to the policy and events claimed by International Tourism Orgnisations (WTO and PATA) and National Tourism Organisations so that the benefit of tourism would be achieved and the negative results would be minimized. Plans for Sustainable Tourism In order to keep the pace with the direction of international tourism organization, all sectors must pay attention to the plan for sustainable tourism because what World Tourism Organisation said was that during and after implementation, tourism development must be planned and monitored to ensure that it was accomplishing the objectives and achieving the recommended policies according to Pearce (2000). Additionally, â€Å"Planning can articulate future visions and assess individual projects with approval given to those proposals consistent with policies and plans† Testoni (2001) said. Without plans or planning systems, the development of tourism is promiscuous and without sufficient consideration given to its interaction with other sectors and its possible impacts (Testoni: 2001). The impacts of unplanned tourism development will potentially result in three main consequences according to Mill (1990): 1. Physical Impacts. It will damage the physical environment and cultural landmarks and resources. Besides, it will cause overcrowding, traffic problems, congestion and pollution. 2. Human Impacts. The accessibility of tourism industry will be poor, for example, the parking places are limited. It will lead to the lack of education of tourism employees in skills. That is, no professional teacher and courses are planned to help these employees to gain knowledge of tourism. 3. Organisational Impacts. The strategy of the marketing goals is unclear so that the target market and market segment are processed ineffectively. Failure to act upon important issues, problems, and opportunities of common interest to the community. Therefore, the plan for tourism tasks should be implemented carefully and well organised by both public and private sectors. Firstly, let’s take a look at the details and depth of the content of government functions and activities into tourism plan. Government Intervention in tourism developmental plans Collier (2003) elucidated that local government was the major player within the tourism industry and took the responsibilities to provide different kinds of services and facilities required by tourists. Moreover, Testoni (2001) set his viewpoint similarly that the main way of the government influences on tourism plan is â€Å"determining development applications consistent with zoned uses, which could also include environmental impact assessment and performance-based assessment, which considers the suitability of particular proposed developments in the area.† In detail, these activities of plans including: 1. Formulating policy. What Testoni (2001) said was that local government implement measures and decisions as well as providing national policy guidance. The specific event taken by the governments is they provide a baseline of data as a means by which they can test â€Å"whether local implementation of their policies and initiatives is possible and permit a basis for allowing new activities in an area† (Testoni: 2001). 2. Investment in tourism facilities. Local governments would state their plans of constructing major amenities thanks to the importance of high quality of amenities. As Collier explained that the relative quality and availability of amenities including infrastructure and superstructure might be the cause of the choice of destination of tourists. Government usually investing in the establishment of infrastructure, comprised of roads, electricity and water supplies, sewerage and waste disposal, communication facilities, airports and harbours, transportation networks, healthy care facilities and security systems (Mill: 1990), because the â€Å"development of infrastructure should precede the development of superstructure† (Collier: 2003). Besides, they try to strength the quality of tourism facilities so as to meet the needs of tourists. 3. Environmental management. Governments adopt a lots of measures to protect the local environment and prevent the pollution. 4. Promotion of the country or a certain region as a tourist destination and research. Advertisements, marketing methods such as marketing segment that is divide tourist into different areas of target markets, pricing tools, holding activities and events as attractions are various promotional tools used by government to develop a certain destination to attract consumers. For example, government would support an event of attraction as entertainment such as American Cup in New Zealand. 5. Training and educating the tourism employees. With the understanding of the significance of plans for tourism development and the degree of government intervention into the plans, the case of how New Zealand government reacts to the guidance of International Tourism Organisation would be specifically lucubrated. First of all, a main strategy that could maximize the benefit of tourism and minimize the negative impact would be decided. Tourism has been viewed as the main economic source of the GDP of a country. As Simpson (2002) noted, New Zealand has recently produced its 10-year tourism strategy to accentuate a positivist attitude towards further tourism development, which particularly takes the â€Å"economic† approach to treat tourism as an economically based and industry-oriented concept. More important, this approach is the reflection of the reaction to the Ecotourism concept suggested by WTO, because the Ecotourism is trying to â€Å"support the protection of natural areas by generating economic benefits for host communities, organisations and authorities managing natural areas with conservation purposes.† Secondly, specific steps and approaches would be considered and taken into action due to the requirement of the dominant service provision responsibilities of governments to combine planning and regulatory roles (Simpson: 2002). New Zealand governments are clearly conscious of the significant economic force of international tourism in external trade and view it as the export industry. Consequently, the governments begin to put emphasis on the financial and job creation benefits within this level of tourism development according to Simpson (2002). Besides, a special political power called â€Å"three-tier system of national, regional, and local government† is arranged to ensure that â€Å"New Zealand is developed and marketed as a competitive tourism destination to maximize the long-term benefits to New Zealand.† In addition, the appropriate responsibility allocations are made by the governments in order to make proper agencies in charge of their allocated tasks efficiently and effectively (Simpson: 2002). Thirdly, some tools are used to promote and carry out the activities by governments. In addition to the directly investment in infrastructure constructions such as road rehabilitation and control the pollution, New Zealand governments permit a regional council to promote the welfare of the host community according to Simpson (2002). Fourthly, specific policies are made to protect the local environment and culture. Because the development would increase the negative impacts on the local communities, for example, the increasing pollution and crime. However, the weaknesses of the government involvement in tourism development are also exposed. On one hand, government intervention may only particularly suit to only large projects, and is often reactive which means governments lack the experience and professional knowledge of dealing with some small but important aspects of the plans. This can be explained by the case of Canada tourism development. As Thibault Frisby (1999) noted, in Canada tourism industries, more problem are arisen such as economic restraints, increasing demands for accountability and pressure for public involvement in the decision making process. Therefore, in order to meet these requirements, government officials have to develop new skills to contribute themselves effectively into tourism development plans. However, employees in government always contain different educational backgrounds, professional languages and values, which covered a wide range of subjects. That is, they cannot deal with specific tourism areas efficiently and effectively thanks to their lack of specific knowledge even low level of education of a certain area such as airline or accommodation sectors. What’s more, a survey of Italy and Spain tourism industry pointed out the key problem that the lack of educational qualifications among the staff in public sector according to Marino (2001). Education level of Italian and Spanish public sector managers in Tourism Italian public managers Spanish public managers University 12% University 16% Secondary high school 28% Secondary high school 33% Junior high school 26% Junior high school 21% No education level 34% No education level 30% Total 100% (77% male) Total 100% (80% male) Clearly, the data in this table displays that the public managers in Italian and Spanish government involved in tourism contain a low level of education background. Both Italian and Spanish public managers gain the least proportion of those who have the university education level. Meanwhile, there are a lot of public managers has low even no education level in Italian and Spanish public sectors. With the agreement of what Guest Taylor (1999) said, leisure managers in local governments only took account of what is going on inside the organization, not outside. These entire viewpoints show the weakness of the operation in government planning process with the lack in human resource. On another hand, governments have no clear directions when they do the marketing for the tourism development plan. There exists a lot of problems. Local governments provide tourism related products and services might not actually meet the needs of consumers because they may not think what the tourists really want. It seems that the market planning of governments is not consumer-driven. Just as Guest Taylor (1999) noted, local authorities appeared to know less about their customers, outside voting habits. Additionally, â€Å"poor marketing and understanding, no systematic attempts to identification of local needs turns to be the key problem of governments’ plans† (Guest Taylor: 1999). In short, governments can not make their efforts into every industries of tourism development because according to the definition of one-industry concept that tourism industry is â€Å"made up of various sectors or sub-industries such as accommodation, transportation, sales and leisure and the tourism products in nature and the experience perceived by tourists.† (Collier: 2003). It means that tourists will treat all these sectors and sub-industries as a whole industry although various tourism products and services are only portions of the total product. Upon that, every sector should make their roles in the tourism development properly and effectively. Since the shortcomings of government involvement in some aspects of tourism development and plans, those responsibilities may better be handled by private sectors. Secondly, let’s see the roles of private sector organizations and their activities into tourism development. Private Sector Intervention in tourism developmental plans According to Collier (2003), private sector involvement in tourism development is mainly in the form of business organizations â€Å"aligned with a particular sector of the tourism industry†. As the Linking Concept pointed out organizations can be categorized as direct providers (i.e. transport operators, accommodation providers, attraction and activity operators, sales agents and ancillary service), support services (i.e. petroleum distribution companies, construction firms and etc.) or developmental organizations (i.e. finance institution and industry training organizations). (Collier: 2003). For the example of New Zealand private sector organizations, the support services organization is like Travel Agents Association of New Zealand and developmental organization is for instance, Hospitality Standards Institute which involves in chef training, housekeeping, portering skills and etc. (Collier: 2003). With these kinds of roles played by private sectors, it is obviously some responsibility would be taken by private sectors superiorly and strongly. Because, Firstly, compared with the lack of professional knowledge and skills of governmental level employees, private sectors would train and educate tourism employees more effectively and efficiently because every specific area of sub-industry will manipulate the training and education system to access to the employees and has expertise in a certain field of subject. For instance, as Roehl Swerdlow (2001) elucidated, in western united states, accommodation industry in tourism carry out the vertical and horizontal job segregation approach to train employees for the gender problem. Analogously, as a private sector in tourism industry, New Zealand Industry Training Organisations specifically provide training and developing the skills and knowledge of tourism employees to ensure their qualifications. Secondly, private sectors have more experience in managing the marketing problems. They tend to know what consumers expected and need due to their well-arranged marketing tools and approaches. For example, individual sector, accommodation organizations could do the surveys to get the exact information about the requirements of their target market. In addition, private sectors would provide the personal products and services and do promotion events to cater the different kinds of tourists by market segmentation. They would construct the superstructures on the basis of the taste of the target consumers. Thirdly, in allusion to the neglect to details in tourism plans of governments, private sectors could concentrate themselves in doing the small projects obey the direction of international tourism organizations so that the objectives can be accomplished effectively and efficiently. According to Font (2002), the case of â€Å"Green Global†, the event of environmental certification of tourism and hospitality operations, is developed by the idea of â€Å"Ecotourism† of WTO. On the level of private sector, Tourism Industry Association of New Zealand singles out environmental management systems to protect the environment of the host country led by the Asia-Pacific tourism organizations. Above all, at realising the increasing need to focus on tourism, Jagmohan (2003) union minister for tourism, mentioned, it is imperative that not only the states but also the industry plays an active role to boost tourism. â€Å"Therefore, it is necessary as I have stated earlier, that the private sector has a key role to play in the growth of tourism both domestic and international,† asserted Jagmohan (2003). For the Canada case, Thibault Frisby (1999) said that Canada local government need to rationalize government services under the consideration of privatization and decentralization so as to meet the increasing problems and challenges. It is because many research results revealed that local governments are becoming more and more relying on partnerships to acquire important resources, information and knowledge into tourism development Thibault Frisby (1999). Similarly, the policy of Italy and Spain tourism development is trying to reduce government involvement in the public tourist sector (Marino: 2001). Conclusion As a matter of fact, in spite of the advantages existing in private sectors processing the tourism development plans, private sector also has problems in doing tourism plans. Thus, it seems that it may be better for the combination of contributions of both public and private sector in the sustainable tourism development. It is evident that the task to make more profit from the tourism and prevent the rot of the aspects created by the tourism development should be paid attention to not only by international and national level organizations but many private ownership organizations. How to cite How public and private sectors have impact on each other in tourism industry?, Papers

The Clinical Reasoning Cycle-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Develop understanding of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle as a Framework for Positive Patient outcomes. Answer: The clinical reasoning cycle Setting of the scene The scenario focuses on care of a 59 years old New Zealand Maori woman admitted to the emergency department with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The report covers extensively the first three stages of the clinical cycle namely consideration of the patient situation, a collection of patient cues and information and information processing. Mrs. Maori has reported alterations in body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and the respiratory rate but with a sustained blood sugar level which are fatal conditions in hypertension attacks for older people which are the patient's case. The conditions manifest rapidly and may potentially cause deadly consequences. Maintaining an electrolyte equilibrium and a standard fluid condition is integral in her care. The imbalances in the fluid have potential to cause morbidity and even mortality(Sharman, 2017). Effectual clinical reasoning abilities will help in recognition and management of the patient deterioration at an earlier time and hence pr event adverse client outcomes. Considering the patient situation We have Mrs. Amari in the stroke ward in bed 10. She is 59 years old and has hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. She has been in the ward for 24 hours with numbness on the right side of her face and her right arm. Her speech is slurred and the right face having a slight facial drooping, the conditions changing occasionally. She moved from the New Zealand, Auckland, to Australia where she has lived with her son for the past three years since the death of her husband. The client computed tomography (CT) showed normal intracranial and the magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) conditions. The patient has a steady gait and can swallow without many difficulties. Mrs. Amari can move her extremities and can follow commands. The eye pupils were round, equal and had a typical response to light (4mm to 2mm)(Owens, 2017). The situations were followed by a transfer from the original emergency unit to the stroke ward with a mini stroke diagnosis, a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), under a neurologi st care. Currently, she has no facial asymmetry, and her numbness complaint has since subsided. The patient has also reported having tobacco use for 25 years having quitted during the recent ten years. Her family has a history of heart diseases, and she has a definite article with the concern. She only has random walks, and she has not been in regular exercise(Vetoshkin, 2017). The client's positive family history of heart diseases and prolonged tobacco use are the probable cause of the current condition. The other thing that intensifies the situation is the lack of regular exercise and lack of a personal care giver(Zabadi, 2017). Abbreviations The report makes use of some clinical terminologies as defined below. The abbreviations will help to provide information faster but can cause tragic consequences if not understood so their meanings must be got clearly(Zhu, 2016). TIA- Transient Ischaemic Attack GCS- Glasgow Coma Scale CT- Computer Tomography RMI- Magnetic Resonance Imagery mm- Millimeters Collection of patient cues and information The emergency department Temperature 36.7 C Blood pressure 148/97 Pulse 81 Respiratory rate 14 SpO2 94% Glasgow Coma Rate (GCR) 15 Blood sugar level 6.6mmol/L Computed tomography (CT) shows no acute intracranial change Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) is within reasonable limits Numbness to the right side of the face and the right arm A slight facial droop when smiling Mouth diverted to the right side Slightly slurred speech but it could be understood Straight gait Able to swallow without difficulty Able to move and follow commands No nystagmus noted Round equal pupils reactive to light ranging from 4mm to 2mm No headache No nausea No vomiting No chest pain No diaphoresis No visual complaints Alert and oriented Current situation Slurred speech Drooping on the right side of the mouth Temperature 36.8 Blood pressure 175/105 Pulse 90 Respiratory rate 13 SpO2 92% Blood glucose level 6.6mmol/L Significant changes in client conditions Body temperature Respiratory rate Blood pressure Pulse SpO2 About these rapid changes, the patient should be checked for the conditions in every one hour. Heart disease is assessed regarding fluid conditions and physical symmetry of external body parts. Cardiovascular disease always lead to rapid changes because of failure in neural control of the heart. The client, therefore, should be attended to within short hourly basis(Nabar, 2016). Information processing (230) Interpretation The standard patient conditions are identified below(Hill, 2017). Blood pressure 90/60 to 120/80 Temperature 37C Respiratory rate 12 to 20 Blood sugar 6.6mmol/L Pulse 60 to 100 Heart disease symptoms Fatigue Edema Short respiratory rate Rapid heart rate Loss of appetite Persistent cough Some of the conditions for Mrs. Amari are like respiration, pulse, blood glucose levels are within the normal and acceptable rates(Dong, 2017). Discrimination Pulse Blood pressure Respiration rate The above conditions are critical for the heart failure client. They have to be monitored regularly within 1 hour appropriated, and medication is given to maintain the conditions at their acceptable levels(Bhatt, 2017). Relation and inference Relation Mrs. Amari has high blood pressure from an uncoordinated nervous system. Mrs. Amari has a short respiratory rate from high blood pressure Mrs. Amari has rapidly fluctuating pulse from variations in hormone compositions Inference Change in Mrs. Amari conditions is as a result of lack of regular exercise, unmonitored conditions, the previous tobacco use and depression. She should be given close attention every time(Mitsutake, 2017). References Bhatt, D., 2017. Predictors of Hypertension among Nonpregnant Females Attending Health Promotion Clinic with Special Emphasis on Tobacco. Cross-Sectional Study, 1(1), pp. 93-127. Dong, S.-S., 2017. Integrating regulatory features data for prediction of functional disease-associated SNPs. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 4(9), pp. 23-26. Hill, V., 2017. A Pilot Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Stroke Survivors: Design of Healthy Eating and Lifestyle after Stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2(1), p. 13. Mitsutake, T., 2017. Risk Factors after Reduction to Single Antiplatelet Therapy for Postoperative Ischemia of Intracranial Stent-assisted Coil Embolization. Journal of Neuroendovascular Therapy, 2(4), pp. 1-47. Nabar, P., 2016. Professor of Cardiology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 8(64), p. 11. Owens, S., 2017. New Study Identifies Features, Triggers, and Risk Factors for Post-Stroke Recrudescence. Neurology Today, 2(11), p. 179. Sharman, J., 2017. Targeted Lowering of Central Blood Pressure in patients with hypertension: Baseline recruitment, rationale, and design of a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 3(3), p. 97. Vetoshkin, A., 2017. Blood pressure variability disorder as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 1(26), p. 175. Zabadi, N., 2017. Risk perception of cardiovascular diseases among individuals with hypertension in rural Malaysia. Hypertension, 2(9), pp. 108-164. Zhu, J., 2016. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrate Intake in Association with Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Carcinogenesis, 2(19), pp. 1-18.

Third Party Investigation Of Lincoln Hospital Free Solution

Questions: Part A: A.1. Process that help to resolve the problems of Lincoln Hospital as President.A.2. The process of identifying the issue and provide related solution rather than OD consultant of Lincoln Hospital.A.3. Appropriateness of third party intervention and other possible OD interventions.Part B:B.1 Descriptions of Specific actions and intervention that effective in third party interventions and improved outcomes. Answers: Executive Summary Lincoln Hospital Was experiencing a wide range of issues within their workplace including divided of staffs into several group that especially notices between the two groups named Don and Mary. Apart from that, there are also other issues such as scheduling issues, turnover issues, communication issues, service delays, etc. For this reason, this report reflects the process that resolves issues for Lincoln Hospital from the point of view of a president. However, the study identifies potential problems and provides relevant solution. In part B, this study reflects the specific actions that already taken by the president for organizational change at Lincoln. Apart from that, the report mentions the obstacle that arises during the implementation of improvement plan along with recommendations. Introduction Leal Filho (2013) presumed that change management is the core part of an organisation. Process of change management mitigate the current issues for the organisation and change the aspects of people. However, for future development of an organisation in the hospitality industry, change management is the most useful and appropriate process (Knieling Leal Filho, 2013). This report displays the third party intervention for Lincoln Hospital. This report consists two different parts. In part A, this report demonstrates the process of resolving issues that identify in the case study. In addition, in this part also describes the different OD consultant procedure in terms of solving problems. Explain the possible OD intervention for Lincoln Hospital in this part A. In part B, concern about the specific interventions, actions, and approaches that effectively improve the current situation of Lincoln Hospital according to needs and demands of their director. However, this part also utilise the possible problems to implementing the improvement plan. Part A: A.1. Process that help to resolve the problems of Lincoln Hospital as President As a president of Lincoln, Hospital to resolve the problem, need to change a wide range of things that relates with the hospital of Lincoln. In the given case study contracting process was not descriptive between the president of hospital and OD consultant. For this reason, the outcome of this contract was not set effective process and unable to make necessary efforts. However, as a president of Lincoln Hospital there are several suggestion for establishing effective as well as efficient contract that suit better between all parties. According to the Graetz Smith (2010), the process of contract must be intervened that determine the exact way of OD process along with the flow. Apart from that, contract that made must embrace all parties of Lincoln Hospital including Don and Mary. This process helps in ensuring their contribution towards the process and procedure of Lincoln Hospital along with expectations based on resources and time. In addition, this contract should fulfill the objectives within the constraints of hospital. By et al. (2012) acknowledged that, through this contract consultant of OD can make his or her expectation from the point of view of organization process. As a president of Lincoln Hospital need to conduct contract that involved all parties along with clarifying their commitment of resource and time. Within the organizational process, Mary and Don have to agree with the consultant and participate centrally (Gerth, 2013). However, it is suggested that entirely sensitive information keep in safe and the guideline that relates with the correspondence must determine in the contract. As a president of Lincoln Hospital, it has been guided diagnostic part has to provide all description to the president. However, in order to create balanced and objective vision it has been suggested that Don and Mary never attend initial meeting along with their team member within the workplace. OD consultant of the Lincoln Hospital has to depend largely in terms of collection of data for further interpretation and analyzed it in terms of identifying issues that firmly concentrate on the process of set up steps that attain success and mitigate commitment problems. A.2. The process of identifying the issue and provide related solution rather than OD consultant of Lincoln Hospital Du Gay Vikkelsa (2012) argued that third party intervention within the organisational process of a hospital turned out to an accurate intervention. As a result, hospital gets positive outcome in terms of making decision for future success. From the point of view of Lincoln Hospital case study, third party intervention within the process may decrease lack of commitment between Mary and Don. In addition, third party intervention in the process of Hospital will develop effective function and set incredible process for the entire hospital. Unlike OD consultant, need to get Don and Mary for better vision in their past difference. Developing a set of procedure and contract between Mary and Don, president has to develop better cooperation between them in a productive manner. This process will help Mary and Don in realising their characteristic that unaware and their contribution to the hospital. Apart from that, this process will also help the Lincoln Hospital in generating benefits as Don and Mary are provoking the symptoms of subsequent in terms of take place entire levels of Lincoln Hospital. However, as the majority details were retrieved from Don and Mary as well as other parties, this process will allow for increasing objective details and unbiased information during the process of diagnosis (Dti.delaware.gov, 2015). Third party intervention will also assist in implementing problem resolutions properly and the way that is more effective. However, third party intervention will collect information with effective and analysing that data according to the foundation of recommended intervention. Thus, it will increase the Don and Mary with a chance of making their contribution from the point of view of problem solution. This process provides completely new instrument to the Mary and Don in order to interact and meet with their use method in the future. A.3. Appropriateness of third party intervention and other possible OD interventions Third party intervention is an appropriate method according to the case study of Lincoln Hospital in terms of solving the problems completely as well as properly. Third party intervention creates some additional distributing affects to the organisation current process of Lincoln Hospital that increase the disagreement between the Mary and Don. Apart from that, other problems are also relevant to the solution of third party intervention. However, third party intervention provides require solution at all levels of Lincoln Hospital. In addition, third party intervention is the appropriate procedure for controlling both parties Mary and Don over the issue resolutions (Psc.qld.gov.au, 2015). It is also accepted mutual responsibility for the staffs of Lincoln Hospital within the workplace situation. Third party intervention provides the ability in concentrating the new solutions instead of personal vision of the related problems. There are also several OD interventions instead of the current OD consultant of Lincoln Hospital. Third party intervention is not able to disappear the conflict between Mary and Don completely. In order to resolve the conflict problem between Mary and Don, process consultation will be the best attempt. Burnes (2010) argued that, process consultation approach will increase flexibility in terms of commitment of time for the entire levels parties within the workplace of Lincoln Hospital. Apart from that, continuing practice will helps in obtaining new behavioural approach for Lincoln Hospital staffs that brings a positive outcome. From the point of view of given third-party intervention, this case study has not any long term impact. Outcome evidence of third party intervention provides a positive influence and describes ineffective organisation and interpersonal tension between the Mary and Don. In order to bring the effective commitment between Mary and Don within the workplace along with the team member of OR (Operating Room) has to take more responsibility on a regular basis. Apart from that, in order to mitigate issue between Mary and Don, OR has to provide effective productivity process named Intergroup Relations Interventions (IRI) to the customers along with quality service by influencing team member of Lincoln Hospital (Durodia, 2011). Need to provide training for controlling attitude and behaviour within workplace. It should help in resolving impossible problems within the workplace of hospital without active participation, as well as support from Don and Mary. Third party intervention successfully increases the commitments of Mary and Don within workplace of Lincoln Hospital and need to build the way that helps in understanding the benefits of trustful relations within the hospital industry. Jones Recardo (2013) cited that the long-term outcome of the third party intervention depends based on the commitment of both parties and with their support within the workplace of an organisation. Other Possible OD interventions Intergroup Relations Interventions (IRI) Process Consultation Salah et al. (2011) argued that intergroup conflict intervention is the method that specifically designs for mitigating contract problems within the workplace of hospital. For this reason, it helps to resolve the conflict problems between the two groups such as Don and Mary. However, an application stage of IRI resembles several tactics that generate successful results for the third party intervention within Lincoln Hospital. It helps in setting up the several activities within the workplace of Lincoln Hospital including group norms, leadership and authority, communications, functional roles of the group members, decision-making and group problem-solving. Part B: B.1 Descriptions of Specific actions and intervention that effective in third party interventions and improved outcomes Within the organisational process of Lincoln Hospital, third party intervention was most effective because the president used several tactics in order to identify the potential problem of Lincoln hospital. There are three different ways that made third-party intervention effective such as Figure 1: Effectiveness of Third Party Intervention (Source: Created By Author) Tactics Used However, it has been identified that, involved third party intervention diagnosis properly in terms of finding out the major problems of organisation. Based on the diagnosis, intervention identified that both parties such as Don and Mary along with their team member is the main problem of Lincoln Hospital. Apart from that, in term of reducing the problem, third party intervention gather information via preliminary interview of entire staffs within the workplace of Lincoln Hospital. Apart from that, method of preliminary interviewing was also allowed to gather huge information from the tea members of Lincoln Hospital. Sustaining Momentum On the other hand, using several activities of sustaining momentum, staying the course and developing new competencies, third party intervention developed effective way within the organisation of Lincoln Hospital that allowed both parties including Mary and Don Control over their intended. According to the Kumar Singhal (2012) sustaining momentum commitment to the changes of organisational and refers to the energy of success. In addition, Price van Dick (2012) acknowledged that there are five different activities that help in attaining sustaining momentum within an organisation especially in the hospital sector such as Resource for Change: In order to change the organisational process, need to provide several resources. However, within the workplace of Lincoln Hospital, third party intervention develops the contract and describes details about the contract. This process allowed to build a way that control over the commitment of Mary and Don along with their team members. Support System: Sibbet (2013) argued that for attaining sustaining momentum required to build support system for the change agent. Within the workplace of Lincoln Hospital, third party intervention uses information that collected from the staffs individually. These underlying factors were allowed to develop possible way for increasing as well as improving relationship between Mary and Don. Reinforcing new behaviour: DRH reinforcement shaping is used in Lincoln Hospital workplace. It was reinforced the behaviour that occurs from staffs, as well as Mary and Don. This intervention decreased the amount of time that available for lack of appropriateness behaviour. Building new competencies and skills: In order to build skills and knowledge, intervention adopts training process within the workplace. On the other hand, in terms of building new competencies, intervention created five different stage such as treat the problem solving process as a project, utilize holistic strategy, dedicated like a team, treat it as change and secure sponsorship. Planned Model to Change Proper planning and the procedure of implementation was the potential stage of effectiveness of third party intervention in the organisational process of Lincoln Hospital. This would allow third party intervention in attaining solution regarding the arise problems of Lincoln Hospital. B.2 Process that used to evaluate the effectiveness of actions and interventions Following diagram shows the process that used in evaluating the effectiveness and interventions and specific actions within the organisational process of Lincoln Hospital. Figure 2: Organisational System diagnosis Model (Source: Salah et al. 2011, pp- 260) Input Organisational Design: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention of third party and specific actions, first design the organisational structure functionally. Third party intervention designed the organisational structure with varies of several department according to the needs and requirement of business. Personal Characteristics: Motivate staffs to work goal oriented and committed them towards attaining successful of business. Thrives the uncertainty and provide the continuous look for improving opportunity. Build creativity for making decision and running the Lincoln Hospital. Design Components Skills Variety: In order to achieve success and mitigate the problems of Lincoln Hospital, involve member based on skills. Employee is recruited regarding performance and skills both individual work as well as group work. Task Identity: Identify the relationship between Mary and Don and develop plan to decrease problems between both parties. It helped in mitigating problems between the two parties and improving relationship. Task Significance: Both Mary and Don are important for running business of Lincoln Hospital. For this reason, need to develop a good relationship between the two parties. From this point of view, president of Lincoln has to resolve issues that affect negatively within the business operation of Lincoln. Feedback about Results: In order to improve organisational performance, need to take a review of the results. Regular meeting with the staffs helps in understanding current job performance within the organisation. B.3 Possible obstacles to implementing improvement plan and process to overcome In order to implement the involvement plan of third party intervention within the organisational process of Lincoln Hospital, there are several obstacles faced by the president such as Lack of Time Time was the key problem of implementing improvement plan for Lincoln Hospital. Due to lack of time, president was not able to set up good relationship with Mary and Don. Recommendation In order to mitigate this problem, President has to budget for time leadership. Need to configure the implementation process of improvement plan routinely that will help in leading the project. Unsupportive Colleagues Within the workplace of Lincoln Hospital, staffs are divided into two different groups. Don handled one group, and Mary handled other. For this reason, members of both group never support to implement the new plan for improvement due to several issues. This was one important obstacle to implementing improvement plan. Recommendation In order to reduce this problem, President of Lincoln has to understand the staff's motivation. However, according to the motivation has to be prepared proper planning that changes staff's behaviour. In addition, in terms of implementing improvement plan, President of Lincoln has to be strategic as well as proactive. Insufficient resources It was also a major problem during implementation of third party intervention plan within Lincoln Hospital. Due to insufficient resources, president was unable to implement the plan successfully. As a result, difference between Mary and Don never closed within Lincoln. Recommendation However, in terms of attaining sufficient resources need to make a commitment for change within the entire levels of Lincoln. Develop proper plan and priorities towards change. Identify the size of the opportunity. Evaluate the results with the collected feedback from staffs. Conclusion This report described the implementation of third party intervention for Lincoln Hospital. Change management process that provides the information about change strategies, resistance to change, managing change, organisational change and communicating change. This report provides the way of changes that firmly connected with the responsibility of other people that has an effective role within the organisation. Third party intervention empowers the participation of Mary and Don with an opportunity that offers effective solutions. In order to diagnosis the organisation problem third party intervention, used rigorous analysis that helps in analysing the Lincoln's problem critically. Reference List Books Gerth, C. (2013). Business process models. Berlin: Springer. Jones, D., Recardo, R. (2013). Leading and implementing business change management. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Knieling, J., Leal Filho, W. (2013). Climate change governance. Berlin: Springer. Leal Filho, W. (2013). 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